300 research outputs found
Multi-dimensional radiative transfer to analyze Hanle effect in Ca {\sc ii} K line at 3933 \AA\,
Radiative transfer (RT) studies of the linearly polarized spectrum of the Sun
(the second solar spectrum) have generally focused on the line formation, with
an aim to understand the vertical structure of the solar atmosphere using
one-dimensional (1D) model atmospheres. Modeling spatial structuring in the
observations of the linearly polarized line profiles requires the solution of
multi-dimensional (multi-D) polarized RT equation and a model solar atmosphere
obtained by magneto-hydrodynamical (MHD) simulations of the solar atmosphere.
Our aim in this paper is to analyze the chromospheric resonance line Ca {\sc
ii} K at 3933 \AA\ using multi-D polarized RT with Hanle effect and partial
frequency redistribution in line scattering. We use an atmosphere which is
constructed by a two-dimensional snapshot of the three-dimensional MHD
simulations of the solar photosphere, combined with columns of an 1D atmosphere
in the chromosphere. This paper represents the first application of polarized
multi-D RT to explore the chromospheric lines using multi-D MHD atmospheres,
with PRD as the line scattering mechanism. We find that the horizontal
inhomogeneities caused by MHD in the lower layers of the atmosphere are
responsible for strong spatial inhomogeneities in the wings of the linear
polarization profiles, while the use of horizontally homogeneous chromosphere
(FALC) produces spatially homogeneous linear polarization in the line core
Effect of cross-redistribution on the resonance scattering polarization of O {\sc i} line at 1302 \AA\,
Oxygen is the most abundant element on the Sun after Hydrogen and Helium. The
intensity spectrum of resonance lines of neutral Oxygen namely O {\sc i} (1302,
1305 and 1306 \AA\,) has been studied in the literature for chromospheric
diagnostics. In this paper we study the resonance scattering polarization in
the O {\sc i} line at 1302 \AA\, using two-dimensional radiative transfer in a
composite atmosphere constructed using a two-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamical
snapshot in the photosphere and columns of the one-dimensional FALC atmosphere
in the chromosphere. The methods developed by us recently in a series of papers
to solve multi-dimensional polarized radiative transfer have been incorporated
in our new code POLY2D which we use for our analysis. We find that
multi-dimensional radiative transfer including XRD effects is important in
reproducing the amplitude and shape of scattering polarization signals of the O
{\sc i} line at 1302 \AA\,
Polarized Line Formation in Multi-Dimensional Media.III. Hanle Effect with Partial Frequency Redistribution
In the previous two papers, namely, \citet{anuknn11} and \citet{anuetal11} we
solved the polarized radiative transfer (RT) equation in multi-dimensional
(multi-D) geometries, with partial frequency redistribution (PRD) as the
scattering mechanism. We assumed Rayleigh scattering as the only source of
linear polarization () in both these papers. In this paper we extend
these previous works to include the effect of weak oriented magnetic fields
(Hanle effect) on line scattering. We generalize the technique of Stokes vector
decomposition in terms of the irreducible spherical tensors ,
developed in \citet{anuknn11}, to the case of RT with Hanle effect. A fast
iterative method of solution (based on the Stabilized Preconditioned
Bi-Conjugate-Gradient technique), developed in \citet{anuetal11}, is now
generalized to the case of RT in magnetized three-dimensional media. We use the
efficient short-characteristics formal solution method for multi-D media,
generalized appropriately to the present context. The main results of this
paper are the following: (1) A comparison of emergent profiles
formed in one-dimensional (1D) media, with the corresponding emergent,
spatially averaged profiles formed in multi-D media, shows that in the
spatially resolved structures, the assumption of 1D may lead to large errors in
linear polarization, especially in the line wings. (2) The multi-D RT in
semi-infinite non-magnetic media causes a strong spatial variation of the
emergent profiles, which is more pronounced in the line wings. (3)
The presence of a weak magnetic field modifies the spatial variation of the
emergent profiles in the line core, by producing significant
changes in their magnitudes.Comment: 31 pages, 14 figures, Submitted to ApJ, Under revie
Combining depth and intensity images to produce enhanced object detection for use in a robotic colony
Robotic colonies that can communicate with each other and interact with their ambient environments can be utilized for a wide range of research and industrial applications. However amongst the problems that these colonies face is that of the isolating objects within an environment. Robotic colonies that can isolate objects within the environment can not only map that environment in de-tail, but interact with that ambient space. Many object recognition techniques ex-ist, however these are often complex and computationally expensive, leading to overly complex implementations. In this paper a simple model is proposed to isolate objects, these can then be recognize and tagged. The model will be using 2D and 3D perspectives of the perceptual data to produce a probability map of the outline of an object, therefore addressing the defects that exist with 2D and 3D image techniques. Some of the defects that will be addressed are; low level illumination and objects at similar depths. These issues may not be completely solved, however, the model provided will provide results confident enough for use in a robotic colony
Device Free Localisation Techniques in Indoor Environments
The location estimation of a target for a long period was performed only by device based localisation technique which is difficult in applications where target especially human is non-cooperative. A target was detected by equipping a device using global positioning systems, radio frequency systems, ultrasonic frequency systems, etc. Device free localisation (DFL) is an upcoming technology in automated localisation in which target need not equip any device for identifying its position by the user. For achieving this objective, the wireless sensor network is a better choice due to its growing popularity. This paper describes the possible categorisation of recently developed DFL techniques using wireless sensor network. The scope of each category of techniques is analysed by comparing their potential benefits and drawbacks. Finally, future scope and research directions in this field are also summarised
Maternal and fetal outcome of febrile morbidity in pregnancy at tertiary care level
Background: Fever in pregnancy is a common clinical problem worldwide. Effects of hyperthermia depends on the extent and duration of temperature elevation, timing of exposure in pregnancy and possibly on maternal nutritional status, comorbidities, medications, socio-economic background and several other factors. The exposure of maternal temperature has been reported to lead to cell disruptions, vascular disturbance and placental infarction which can lead to the risk of structural and functional defects in progeny. The underlying maternal cytokine polymorphism is strongly associated with both intrapartum fever and neonatal outcome. Hence there is a need to detect the various life-threatening medical complications of febrile morbidity leading to severe maternal morbidity and its impact on fetal outcome. Aim of study were to study the etiology of fever in pregnancy during the study period and to know the effect of fever on both the mother and the fetus.
Methods: A prospective observational study.
Results: Out of the 60 cases of fever in pregnancy, most common cause of fever was urinary tract infection (30%), followed by dengue fever (25%) and upper respiratory tract infection (23.3%). Fever was associated with complications as such PROM, PPROM, preterm labour, PPH, thrombocytopenia, anemia and abortions. Fetal outcome were preterm birth (25%), low birth weight (36%), neonatal sepsis (20%) and perinatal death (13.8%).
Conclusions: Febrile morbidity in pregnancy leads to numerous maternal and fetal complications can occur due to fever in pregnancy from various causes. The most common cause of fever was UTI followed by dengue fever. The maternal and fetal complications can be avoidable if the cause for the fever is diagnosed and treated early
- …